IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT  FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND    LARRY A. MCMILLAN,    Plaintiff,     v.   KANSAS CITY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,    Defendant.  Civil No. 1:22-cv-01100-ELH    MEMORANDUM OPINION  Plaintiff Larry A. McMillan filed a putative class action complaint against defendant  Kansas City Life Insurance Company (“KCLI” or “KCL”), alleging multiple breach of contract  claims and conversion with respect to universal and variable universal life insurance policies  issued by KCLI.SeeECF 1 (the “Complaint”).He has included his insurance policy as an exhibit.  ECF 1-1 (the “Policy”). According to plaintiff, defendant has breached his Policy and the policies  of others (“Class Policies”) (collectively, the “Policies”) by assessing charges in excess of amounts  authorized by the insurance policies.Id.  1  The Complaint contains five counts. Count I alleges breach of contract. According to  plaintiff, KCLI breached the insurance contract by improperly calculating monthly cost of  insurance rates using factors not authorized by the Policies, and then deducting those charges from  accumulated values. ECF 1, ¶¶ 62–70. Count II alleges breach of contract by “deducting  unauthorized expense charges from the accumulated values . . . .”Id. ¶ 73. Count III alleges breach  of contract by failing to reduce the cost of insurance rates despite improved mortality expectations.  Id. ¶¶ 75–79. Count IV alleges conversion.Id.¶¶ 80-88. According to plaintiff, KCLI converted    1 Jurisdiction is premised on diversity of citizenship, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. ECF  1, ¶ 10.  Case 1:22-cv-01100-ELH Document 48 Filed 03/14/23 Page 1 of 40